Showing posts with label Morning. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Morning. Show all posts

Morning After Pill - The Ethical Issues

The morning after pill has been widely promoted as a contraceptive pill, to be more precise, as an emergency contraceptive pill. The pill has to be taken within short interval of unprotected sexual intercourse to prevent unwanted pregnancy.

Critics have raised serious doubts about its mechanism of action. They believe that the action of the morning after pill is abortifacient and not contraceptive. However, people who are pro- morning after pill say that, the pill has an anti- implantation effect (preventing the implantation of the fertilized egg, also called embryo to the wall of the uterus). Thus, the effect is "interception", which is distinct from abortion.

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As per a study conducted by American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG), emergency contraception can prevent at least 1.5 million out of the 3 million unwanted pregnancies that occur in the United States each year. However, Medical professionals concerned with ethical issues believe that, this controversial pill does not prevent pregnancy every time and at least in some cases, it does kill a developing embryo. And, that makes the pill an abortifacient.

Morning After Pill - The Ethical Issues

To decide whether morning after pill is an abortifacient or a contraceptive, it becomes important to understand the definition of pregnancy.

The definition of pregnancy as defined by ACOG is "successful implantation of a fertilized egg". However, embryologists believe that pregnancy begins with fertilization and not implantation as claimed. This is so because an embryo has all the genetic information required for it to become a complete human being.

Scientifically, the human zygote formed after fertilization of egg is an actual human being and not "something", that can possibly develop into a human being. It has the ability to grow further and develop its capacities to full potential.

As per FDA, the emergency contraceptive pills are supposed to work by preventing or delaying ovulation. However, if the egg has been fertilized before or despite the effect of the pill, then the action of the morning after pill is believed to be abortifacient.

The pill creates a hostile environment for the embryo in the uterus and it is unable to attach to the uterine lining. This leads to its ultimate death and expulsion from the body.

Critics believe that the anti implantation action of the morning after pill is nothing more than a "chemically induced abortion". It is said that people are being deceived by redefining pregnancy as implantation of the embryo.

Those in favor of the pill argue that the action of the pill cannot be abortifacient because if the pregnancy is already established then the pill doesn't have any effect.

Women should have enough knowledge to make an informed decision regarding the use of morning after pills.

Morning After Pill - The Ethical Issues

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Know the Risks Associated With the Morning After Pill

The morning after pills are used by women who want to avoid unwanted pregnancy. It is also beneficial for couples who like to indulge in unprotected sex and do not want to have children. It is very important for you to be aware of the risk factors associated with the morning after pills. Let's take a brief overview of the risk factors involved with the use of morning after pills.

The most common morning after pill risks include side effects such as abdominal pain, headache, dizziness, vaginal spotting of blood, breast tenderness, nausea, and tiredness. After consuming this pill, you may also have irregular periods. Your menstrual period may arrive sooner or later than the expected date. Also, menstrual bleeding after morning after pill can be heavier and lighter than normal. However, these are normal effects and you needn't to worry about them

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Women who suffer from diabetes and pelvic inflammatory disease and can face certain complications while taking morning after pills. If you are suffering from diabetes, it is recommended to monitor your blood sugar level and consult a proper physician before taking morning after pills. Women with pelvic inflammatory disease should also take morning after pill only under the careful guidance of a physician.

Know the Risks Associated With the Morning After Pill

Another major risk involved with the consumption of contraceptive pills is they increase the risk of ectopic pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy is the one that occurs anywhere outside the uterus and has chances of not getting noticed on time. This type of unnoticed pregnancy can prove to be very risky, as a small delay in its diagnosis can cause many complications and can even prove fatal.

The other major risk of the pill is in its consumption after pregnancy, as it can cause complications. Hence, it is recommended that you consume a morning after pill only after undergoing a pregnancy test.

There's a false belief among many people that morning after pill will protect them form HIV infection (AIDS) and other sexually transmitted diseases (STD). You need to know that this is not true, as these pills don't provide any protection from any type of STD.

Thus, although morning after pills can be very effective, they also have certain risk factors involved. However, these risk factors are negligible if you take this pill under the guidance and observation of a qualified physician.

Know the Risks Associated With the Morning After Pill

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The Facts About the Morning After Pill

About the pill

The morning after pill is a form of emergency birth control measure to be taken within 72 hours of having unprotected sex to avoid pregnancy. These pills are generally regarded as one of the safest modes to stop pregnancy. Hence, it is very essential for you to be aware of the facts about morning after pills.

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Ingredients found in the pill:

The Facts About the Morning After Pill

The active components in the morning after pills are similar to those found in a birth control pill. Some morning after pills contain a hormone known as the levonorgestrel whereas, others contain two hormones, namely estrogen and progesterone. Progesterone prevents the sperm from reaching the egg (implantation), thereby stops pregnancy. Estrogen on the other hand, intercepts the ovaries from releasing eggs (ovulation), thus stops pregnancy.

How does a morning after pill work?

The emergency contraceptive morning after pill has three modes of action and it functions similar to a birth control pill. Its course of action is divided into three steps:

1. It limits the range of ovulation process, i.e. it prevents the ovaries from releasing an egg, which in turn prevents the fertilization process and pregnancy.

2. The morning after pill also alters the normal functioning of the menstrual cycle, thereby delaying the ovulation process and stops pregnancy.

3. It irritates the lining of the uterus (endometrium) and thereby, stops the implantation of the egg in the uterus.

Mode of action of the morning after pill:

The mode of action of the morning after pills depends mainly on the time of consumption

If you take the pill within 24 hours after having an unprotected sex, it will act at a faster rate and will be 98 - 99% effective in preventing implantation of the egg in the uterus (thus terminating pregnancy).

When taken between 24 and 48 hours, it will have a lesser success rate, will be effective about 71% of the time, and will prevent the implantation of the egg in the uterus (terminating pregnancy).

If you consume the morning after pills between 48 and 72 hours after having an unprotected sex, it will be comparatively less effective with a lesser success rate.

Morning after pill availability:

It is readily available and you can easily buy morning after pill from a local pharmacy shop (chemist). It can be obtained without prescription and is generally available for women and girls of 17 ages and older.

The Facts About the Morning After Pill

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Pros and Cons of Morning After Pills

The use of morning after pill has both advantages and disadvantages associated with it. Here are a few pros and cons you need to be aware of:

Pros:

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1. It can be your last resort to avoid unwanted pregnancy.

Pros and Cons of Morning After Pills

2. If you are 17 years of age or over, you don't need a prescription to buy morning after pills. You can have it soon after having an unprotected sex.

3. By consuming these pills, you can avoid unnecessary stress and tension about an unwanted pregnancy.

4. Even if the pills fail to prevent pregnancy, they will not cause any harm to the baby.

5. These pills won't affect your chances of getting pregnant in the future. Your fertility remains the same and returns with your next period.

6. Studies have shown that morning after pills effectively lower the risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer.

Cons:

1. They can cause certain side effects. Some common morning after pills side effects are nausea, vomiting, dizziness, diarrhea, abdominal pain, headache, irregular bleeding and breast tenderness.

2. Morning after pills can also cause some serious side effects such as liver disorders, gallbladder disease, high blood pressure and blood clots in the heart, intestines and lungs.

3. They can cause serious health complications in women suffering from diabetes, heart diseases and migraine.

4. They can also have adverse effects in women, who are over 35 years of age and have cardiovascular disorders, deep vein thrombosis, liver problems and breast cancer.

5. The use of morning after pill raises the risk of an ectopic pregnancy. In such a pregnancy, the embryo gets lodged in the fallopian tubes rather than the womb. If you are using morning after pills, the pregnancy can remain undetected. This is because the symptoms of ectopic pregnancy are similar to the side effects of the pills: nausea and abdominal pain. If remain undetected for a long time, it can prove to be fatal.

6. Other than these side effects, the body may have an allergic reaction to the drug, causing an outbreak of rash and breathing problems.

7. Apart from physical side effects to the body, the emergency contraceptive pills can also have a wider social impact. The easy over-the-counter access to the emergency contraceptive pill raises questions about its misuse. Many people are of the view that it may lead to an increase in promiscuity, Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs) and increased sexual violence against women.

Though the use of morning after pill becomes essential to avoid pregnancy after an unprotected sex, its usage must be avoided on regular basis.

Pros and Cons of Morning After Pills

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